The Skeptics Society & Skeptic magazine

Amateur astronomers all saw the remarkable explosion in brightness of Comet Holmes, and yet none have ever managed to see a UFO. Likewise, hundreds of thousands of video cameras and security surveillance cameras have failed to find a UFO. (photograph copyright Vicent Peris and José Luis Lamadrid (astrofoto.es)

Answering Public Questions
on UFOs and Aliens

by David Morrison

As Senior Scientist of the NASA Astrobiology Institute I receive many questions submitted to NASA’s website Ask an Astrobiologist. A great many of these concern UFOs, especially the notion that there is a government cover-up. Interestingly, an increasing fraction of these are coming from India. Readers of Skeptic might be interested in how I answer these questions.

A google search on “UFO” quickly reveals how pervasive such ideas are, with only a couple of skeptical entries listed in the first several pages. It is therefore not surprising that almost all my questioners seem to accept the reality of alien visitation. One recent writer asked: “If NASA is not hiding anything, and there has been not one evidence of UFO or Alien, how can some evidence on TV or internet be explained? If they are all fake, why not NASA explain this, and why are they not stopped from telling lies? How do you explain all those people who have proof, including many scientists, doctors for example who found real alien object in someone who was kidnapped by alien. NASA or some officials should make documentary that explains all about these on TV. If not, anyone would think that they are hiding something from us.”

Here is my reply: First, these stories you have heard are not true, for instance about photos of UFOs from NASA spaceships, or doctors finding an alien object in someone. If any of these stories were true, or if there were any scientific evidence for aliens, you would see it all over reputable newspapers and TV news shows. There is a tremendous amount of misinformation out there, especially on the Internet. I know of no simple rule to separate the truth from the lies, except to learn which sources are trustworthy. Second, you raise the question why “they are not stopped telling lies” and why NASA is not making a documentary “that explains all about this on TV”. The government is not in the business of making documentaries or broadcasting on television. NASA officials and other scientists have explained many times the difference between truth and fiction in this area. But we cannot — and would not want to — control what news and opinions are in the media.

One of my first UFO questions stated that Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin had reported that he and his crew members saw a UFO on Apollo 11. “Edwin Aldrin recently came out in a special on the Science Channel and stated that the astronauts aboard Apollo 11 all saw unidentified objects which seemed to have been following them. He also mentions that they were briefed not to talk about what they had seen. What does NASA have to say in response to this? What were those objects they all saw?”

To get a straight story, I called Buzz Aldrin, who was happy to explain what had happened. He said that the quotations were taken out of context and did not convey the intended meaning. After the Apollo 11 crew verified that the object they were seeing was not the SIVB upper stage, which was about 6000 miles away at that time, they concluded that they were probably seeing one of the panels from the separation of the spacecraft from the upper stage. These panels were not tracked from Earth and were likely much closer to the Apollo spacecraft. They chose not to discuss this on the open communications channel since they were concerned that their comments might be misinterpreted (as they are being now). All of this explanation about the panels was cut from the broadcast interview, thus giving the impression that the Apollo 11 crew had seen a UFO. Buzz said that he was angry about the deceptive editing and asked them to correct this reversal of what he had said, but they refused.

With the popularity of Youtube, such claims are getting a new life. I recently received this: “Check out this video on YouTube with Buzz Aldrin saying he saw a UFO on Apollo 11. Whose fibbing, NASA or the great American hero, Buzz Aldrin?” My answer was that the fibbing was being done by the producers of the video, who cut the second half of the interview.

How can we argue effectively against beliefs that we are being visited constantly by alien spaceships? The simple assertion from authority — that none of these claims are to be found in mainstream publications or television — is probably not very convincing. Instead, I point out that the evidence for UFOs and alien visitation is weak. It is easy to see how weak the evidence is when we compare with other phenomena that are increasingly well documented. For example:

1. The proliferation of home video cameras has resulted in excellent images of tornados that we now see often on television, something unheard of 25 years ago. Even with a scary tornado, someone manages to get a good video. There are also amateur videos of bright meteors (fireballs), good enough in the case of the Peekskill meteor of 1992 to allow a calculation of the orbit of the object before it reached Earth. But there has been no comparable flood of good videos of UFOs or aliens.
2. In the last few years, in the US and UK and many other countries, hundreds of thousands of automated video cameras have been installed for security systems. Many of these cameras are outdoors, and at night they sometimes record bright meteors — but never UFOs.
3. There are several hundred thousand amateur astronomers who look at the night sky, and they have a tremendous record of discovering comets and novas and anything that changes. One of the most remarkable recent examples is Comet Holmes, a normally inconspicuous Jupiter-family comet that is fainter than Pluto. On October 23–24, 2007, Comet Holmes went from magnitude 17 to magnitude 2.8 in just a few hours, brightening by almost a million-fold. This is equivalent to the planet Saturn suddenly becoming as bright as the full moon. This unexpected outburst was widely observed and photographed by amateur astronomers around the globe. Yet these same astronomers never report UFOs.

One can never prove a negative. But to me, these examples provide compelling evidence against the reality of UFOs, unless you are so enamored of the idea of alien visits that you think these aliens are carefully avoiding amateur astronomers, people with video cameras, and security video systems.